Attraction and grasping Pheromone
Pheromone
attraction and grasping in pups:
Mammal
have developed a behavioural and sensory
methods for guiding their newborns. The chemical cues contains 2-Methylbut-2-
enal (Z)-7-Dodecen -1- yl acetate (+) (-)1,5 Dimethyl-6,8- dioxabicyclo [
3.2.1] octane(frontaline) in female
rabbit to which newborn pups respond by attraction and oral grasping (Schaal
et al., 2003).
Lactating
rabbit females emit volatile odour cues that trigger specialized motor actions
leading to sucking. But the activity of these cues may change with advancing
lactation. Mammary Pheromone (MP) is active during the period when pups are
exclusively dependent on milk. The convergent changes in emission and reception
of this pheromone may sequentially warrant that pups are first attracted to the
mammae, and then that they progressively disinvest the mother as they begin to
eat solid food and to be attracted by other conspecifics (Coureaud et al.,2006).
Sexually mature
virgin females of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and
the melon fly, D. cucurbitae Coquillett, were attracted by live males
of their respective species in laboratory bioassays in 16-dm3 cages.
The gland complex of the rectal sac of the male oriental fruit fly, suspected
as the source of an olfactory pheromone, was highly attractive to female
oriental fruit flies. Similar glands of male melon flies were only weakly
attractive to melon fly females but produced strong responses from female
oriental fruit flies, which also responded positively to live melon fly males.
Female melon flies showed no such interspecific response (Kobayashi et al.,1978).
Stimuli involved
in sexual attraction to and recognition of receptive females by males were
investigated in the shrimp Palaemonetes
pugio. Newly molted, prespawning (postmolt parturial) females are receptive
and attractive to males. Males that make physical contact with a postmolt
parturial female, usually with the long antennal flagella, react immediately
and dramatically with copulatory behavior. Cuticular hydrocarbons,
glycoproteins, or other compounds secreted on the surface through pore canals
or tegumental gland openings might serve as sex attractants. A contact sex
pheromone in P. pugio and other
carideans might also be a substance involved with sclerotization,
calcification, or other such chemical changes occurring in the cuticle of the early
postmolt parturial female (Caskey
and Bauer,2005).
The introduced
European hornet, Vespa crabro germana Christ produces four probable pheromones:
an aggregation pheromone from female feces, a defensive pheromone in venom, a
cephalic male territory marking pheromone, and a contact pheromone on thoraces
of attractive queens that elicits copulatory behavior in males (Batra,1980).
The
pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier (Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae) is a vector of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus
xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle. Male and females of this
species have a kairomonal attraction to host volatiles and Ips
semiochemicals. Once on the host tree, males and females copulate and oviposition
occurs. The male licked the elytra of the female with his mouth palpi just
before copulation (licking); immediately afterwards, the male grabbed the
female with his forelegs and mounted her suggesting a chemically mediated mate
recognition by males (Ibeas
et al.,2008).
The major
component of the mandibular gland secretion of queen honeybees (Apis
mellifera L.), 9-ODA ((2E)-9-oxodecenoic acid), has been known
for more than 40 yr to function as a long-range sex pheromone, attracting
drones at congregation areas and drone flyways., Adding 9-HDA and 10-HDA, or
9-HDA, 10-HDA, and HOB to 9-ODA increased the number of drones making contact
with the baited dummy. On the basis of these results, it was suggested that at
least 9-HDA and 10-HDA are additional components of the sex pheromone blend of A.
mellifera (Brockmann et al.,2006).
Several other workers
(Levinson and Mori,1983;Mondal and Port,1984;Obeng-Ofori and
Coaker,1990;Lewis and Austad,1994 have assumed that male Setiferous gland are
the major site of production of DMD.
Lewis, S. M., and S. N. Austad. 1994. Sexual
selection in ßour beetles: the relationship between sperm precedence and male
olfactory attractiveness. Behav. Ecol. 5: 219Ð224.
Obeng-Ofori,
D., and T. H. Coaker. 1990. Tribolium aggregation Pheromone: Monitoring, range
of attraction and orientation behavior of T
castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 80: 443-451.
Mondal,
K. A. M. S. H. and G. R. Port. 1984. Response of Tribolium castaneum larvae to synthetic aggregation Pheromone.
Entomol. exp. appl. 36:43-46.
Levinson,
H. Z. and K. Mori. 1983. Chirality determines Pheromone activity for Flour beetles.
Naturewissenschafen, 70:190-192.
Qazi, M. C. B., Boake, C. R. and Lewis, S. M. 1998. The femoral setiferous
glands of Tribolium castaneum males
and production of the pheromone 4, 8‐dimethyldecanal.
Entomologia experimentalis et
applicata, 89(3):313-317.
Brockmann, A., Dietz, D., Spaethe, J. and Tautz, J. 2006. Beyond 9-ODA: sex pheromone
communication in the European honey bee Apis
mellifera L. Journal of chemical
ecology, 32(3):657-667.
Ibeas, F., Díez, J. J.and Pajares, J. A. 2008. Olfactory sex attraction
and mating behaviour in the pine sawyer Monochamus
galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of insect behavior,
21(3), 101-110.
Batra, S. W. T. 1980. Sexual
behavior and pheromones of the European hornet, Vespa crabro ermana (Hymenoptera:
Vespidae). Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society, 461-469.
Caskey, J. L.and Bauer, R. T. 2005. Behavioral tests for a
possible contact sex pheromone in the caridean shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. Journal
of Crustacean Biology, 25(4):571-576.
Kobayashi, R. M., Ohinata, K., Chambers, D. L., &
Fujimoto, M. S. (1978). Sex pheromones of the oriental fruit fly and the melon
fly: mating behavior, bioassay method, and attraction of females by live males
and by suspected pheromone glands of males. Environmental Entomology, 7(1):
107-112.
Coureaud, G., Langlois, D., Perrier, G. and Schaal, B. 2006. Convergent changes in the maternal
emission and pup reception of the rabbit mammary pheromone. Chemoecology,
16(3), 169-174.
Schaal B, Coureaud G, Langlois D, Ginies C, Semon E, Perrier G. 2003. Chemical and behavioural characterization of the rabbit
mammary pheromone. Nature, 424:
68-72.
