Nipple
search pheromone
Whether it is human being or animal origin, the
new born always locate their source of
food (milk) through the pheromones. Scientist continue to work and
report such of these information for the benefit of the fellow scientists or for
the public as whole.
In
rabbits:
Rabbit pups need not to learn on birth,
but due to the pheromone cues releasing nipple-search behavior is effected by
the this pheromone. Rabbit milk thus appears to represent a ready source of
nipple-search pheromone ( It is now investigated and found that it is not only the nipple
search pheromone which is important for suckling of new born rabbits, but also
the mammary pheromone in rabbits (Oryctolagus
cuniculus) (.
In mouse:
Mammalian newborns exhibit avid responsiveness to odor
compounds emanating from conspecific milk. Milk is however developmentally
heterogeneous in composition as a function of both evolved constraints and
offspring demand. The present study aimed to verify whether milk odor
attractivity for neonates is equally distributed along lactation in Mus musculus (Al Aïn et al.,2012).
In Human:
Human pheromones play a role in regulating
relationships and apparently influence partner choice and mother–infant
recognition. Analyzed the chemical content of volatiles from sweat patch
samples from the para-axillary and nipple–areola regions of women during
pregnancy and after childbirth (Stefano Vaglio,2009)
.
1.
1-dodecanol,
2.
1-1'-oxybis octane,
3.
isocurcumenol,
4.
α-hexyl-cinnamic aldehyde and
5.
isopropyl myristate
Hypothetically, the differentiation of the
olfactory pattern among pregnant women helps newborns to recognize their own
mother sand distinguish her from other individuals.
The attractiveness of maternal breast odors in the biological
context of breastfeeding has a similar function to the role of ‘nipple search
pheromone’ in guiding newborn mammalians to the nipple. Although maternal odors
may not be as critical for nipple localization in the human species, they may
nevertheless facilitate early breastfeeding attempts (Widström et al.,1987).
Newborn infants follow the breast odors emanating
from their mother's nipple/areola region. These odors exert a pheromone effect
that guides the infant to nurse at their nipples. (Winberg and Porter 1998,
Porter and Weinberg 1999)
Behavioral analysis, metabolomics, and calcium imaging of
primary sensory neurons and find no
evidence of ligands with intrinsic bioactivity, such as
pheromones, acting to promote first suckling in the mouse. Instead, we find
that the initiation of suckling is dependent on variable blends of maternal
‘‘signature odors’’ that are learned and recognized prior to first suckling (Logan
et al.,2012).
Darren W.
Logan, Lisa J. Brunet, William R. Webb, Tyler Cutforth,John Ngai, and Lisa
Stowers. 2012.Learned Recognition of Maternal Signature Odors Mediates the
First Suckling Episode in Mice, Current
Biology,22:, 1998–2007.
, , , , Rabbit
Nipple-Search Pheromone Versus Rabbit Mammary Pheromone Revisited. Chapter
30,Springer,
11:315-324.
Porter
RH & Winberg J, Unique salience of maternal breast odors for newborn
infants, Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1999;23(3):439-49.
Stefano Vaglio,2009.Chemical communication and
mother-infant recognition. Communicative and Integrative Biology, 2(3):279-281.
Vaglio, S., Minicozzi, P., Bonometti, E., Mello, G., Chiarelli, B.
2009.Volatile
signals during pregnancy : a possible chemical basis for mother-infant
recognition. Journal
of chemical ecology., 35(1):131-139.
Widström AM,
Ransjo-Arvidson AB, Christensson K, Matthiesen AS, Winberg J, Uvnas-Moberg K.1987.
Gastric suction in healthy newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand., 76: 566–572.
Winberg
J & Porter RH, Olfaction and human neonatal behavior: clinical
implications, Acta Paediatr 1998;87(1):6-10.
Wolfgang Keil, Falko von Stralendorff, Robyn
Hudson.1990. A behavioral bioassay for analysis of rabbit nipple-search pheromone.
Physiology and
Behavior. 47(3):525-529.
Additional references: The references in italics in this article is given below for
ready references (Courtesy:
Al Aïn S, Belin L, Patris B, Schaal B (2012) An Odor
Timer in Milk? Synchrony in the Odor of Milk Effluvium and Neonatal
Chemosensation in the Mouse. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47228.
Altbäcker, V., Hudson, R. and
Bilkó, Á. (1995) Rabbit-mothers’ diet influences pups’ later food choice.
Ethology 99, 107–116.
Bautista, A.,
Mendoza-Degante, M., Coureaud, G., Martínez-Gómez, M. and Hudson, R. (2005)
Scramble competition in newborn domestic rabbits for an unusually restricted
milk supply. Anim. Behav. 70, 1011–1021.
Bilkó. Á., Altbäcker, V. and
Hudson, R. (1994) Transmission of food preference in the rabbit: The means of
information transfer. Physiol. Behav. 56, 907–912.
Coureaud, G., Langlois, D.,
Perrier, G. and Schaal, B. (2006) Convergent changes in the maternal emission
and pup reception of the rabbit mammary pheromone. Chemoecol. 16: 169–174.
Coureaud, G., Schaal, B.,
Langlois, D. and Perrier, G. (2001) Orientation response of newborn rabbits to
odours of lactating females: Relative effectiveness of surface and milk cues.
Anim. Behav. 61, 153–162.
Coureaud, Langlois, Sicard,
and Schaal (2004) Newborn rabbit responsiveness to the mammary pheromone is
concentration dependent. Chem. Senses 294, 341–350.
Distel, H. and Hudson, R.
(1984) Nipple-search performance by rabbit pups: Changes with age and time of
day. Anim. Behav. 32, 501–507.
Distel, H. and Hudson, R.
(1985) The contribution of the olfactory and tactile modalities to the
nipple-search behaviour of newborn rabbits. J. Comp. Physiol. A 157, 599–605
González-Mariscal, G. and
Rosenblatt, J.S. (1996) Maternal behavior in rabbits. A historical and
multidisciplinary perspective. In: J.S. Rosenblatt and C.T. Snowdon (Eds.), Advances
in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 25, Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms and
Adaptive Significance. Academic Press, New York, pp. 333–360.
González-Mariscal, G.,
Chirino, R. and Hudson, R. (1994) Prolactin stimulates emission of nipple
pheromone in ovariectomized New Zealand white rabbits. Biol. Reprod. 50,
373–376.
Hudson, R. (1985) Do newborn rabbits
learn the odor stimuli releasing nipple-search behavior? Dev. Psychobiol. 18,
575–585.
Hudson, R. and Distel, H. (1983) Nipple
location by newborn rabbits: Behavioural evidence for pheromonal guidance.
Behaviour 85, 260–275.
Hudson, R. and Distel, H. (1984)
Nipple-search pheromone in rabbits: Dependence on season and reproductive
state. J. Comp. Physiol. A 155, 13–17.
Hudson, R. and Distel, H. (1986) Pheromonal
release of suckling in rabbits does not depend on the vomeronasal organ.
Physiol. Behav. 37, 123–129.
Hudson, R. and Distel, H. (1989) Temporal
pattern of suckling in rabbit pups: A model of circadian synchrony between
mother and young. In: S.M. Reppert (Ed.), Development of Circadian Rhythmicity
and Photoperiodism in Mammals. Perinatology Press, Boston, pp. 83–102.
Hudson, R. and Distel, H. (1990)
Sensitivity of female rabbits to changes in photoperiod as measured by
pheromone emission. J. Comp. Physiol. A 167, 225–230.
Hudson, R. and Distel, H.
(1995) On the nature and action of the rabbit nipple-search pheromone: A
review. In: R. Apfelbach, D. Müller-Schwarze, K. Reuter and E. Weiler (Eds.), Chemical Signals in Vertebrates VII. Elsevier Science, London, pp. 223–232.
Hudson, R., González-Mariscal, G. and
Beyer, C. (1990) Chin marking behavior, sexual receptivity, and pheromone
emission in steroid-treated, ovariectomized rabbits. Hormones Behav. 24, 1–13.
Keil, W., von Stralendorff,
F. and Hudson, R. (1990) A behavioral bioassay for analysis of rabbit
nipple-search pheromone. Physiol. Behav. 47, 525–529.
Moncomble, R-S., Coureaud,
G., Quennedey, B., Langlois, D., Perrier, G. and Schaal, B. (2005) The mammary
pheromone of the rabbit: From where does it come? Anim. Behav. 69, 29–38.
Robyn Hudson, Carolina
Rojas, Lourdes Arteaga,Margarita Mart´ınez-G´omez and Hans Distel.2008. Rabbit
Nipple-Search Pheromone Versus RabbitMammary Pheromone Revisited Chapter3.In. J.L. Hurst et al.,Chemical Signals in Vertebrates
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Schaal, B., Coureaud, G.,
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Semke, E., Distel, H. and
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