Timeline for Pheromone | Pheromone Resources

TIMELINE OF PHEROMONE IDENTIFICATION AND USE

World Time line on Pheromone:

· Female moths, seemingly luring their mates with an odor signal, found particular interest among biologists and claims were raised that the males came from many kilometers distance (Fabre, J. H. 1879: Souvenirs Entomologiques Delagrave, Paris; Forel, A. 1910: Das Sinnesleben der Insekten. Reinhard, München; von Frisch, K. 1919. Über den Geruchssinn der Biene und seine blütenbiologische Bedeutung. Zool. Jhb. Allg. Zool. Physiol. 37: 1-238; Mell, R. 1922: Biologie und Systematik der südchinesischen Sphingiden. Friedländer, Berlin)

· Francois Rabelais (1565) mentions that the ancient Greeks knew of the powerful olfactorial attractivity of bitches in estrus (Rabelais, F. 1565: Songes Drolatiques de Pantagruel, deutsch: Gargantua und Pantagruel, 1.Bd., 3. Buch, 22. Kap. Hanser, München, 1964)

· In 1703, scientists were said to have discovered the VNO or vomeronasal organ, an organ in the nasal cavity which they believed was no longer used by humans. In recent years, however, some scientists have concluded that this organ detects pheromones, a chemical (In 1703, scientists were said to have discovered the VNO or vomeronasal organ, an organ in the nasal cavity which they believed was no longer used by humans. In recent years, however, some scientists have concluded that this organ detects pheromones, a chemical excretion which attracts members of the opposite sex. While people naturally give off pheromones, these products claim to boost the normal amount. Pheromone colognes are also designed to replace pheromones which are ... www.askdeb .com/ beauty/ pheromones/colognes)

· 1870 - New York entomologist Joseph A. Lintner suggests the chemical scents emitted by insects could be used to control insect pests.

· 1870 - French naturalist Jean-Henri Fabre notices a female peacock moth is able to attract 150 male peacock moths from miles away.
 In the 1930s in Czechoslovakia, females of deciduous fruit pests were used as bait to trap males in an attempt to monitor the presence of the pest in the orchard and subsequently devise an appropriate pest control treatment (http://www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/the-history-of-pheromones-upepja.html)

· 1932 Pheromone was demonstrated for the first time by Jacentkovski by placing virgin females in the traps located in gypsy moth populations infested woods.

· Unsuccessful attempts of other groups to do the same with the gypsy moth

(Götz 1951).

· 1956 - In many lower animals, small amounts of releaser pheromones are sufficient to cause the animal to behave in a certain way. The first pheromone, which was discovered in 1956, was a sex attractant releaser pheromone for silkworm moths which causes male moths to beat (In many lower animals, small amounts of releaser pheromones are sufficient to cause the animal to behave in a certain way. The first pheromone, which was discovered in 1956, was a sex attractant releaser pheromone for silkworm moths which causes male moths to beat their wings rapidly in a mating "flutter dance". This eliciting of specific behavior has not been demonstrated in more complex animals like humans. Information pheromones – these convey information about the individual ...Show lesswww. pherone. Com /pheromones.html)

· Tübingen, K-E Kaissling and Schneider started to study also the morphology of the antennae (Schneider and Kaissling1957).

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· 1959 - The first studies were on moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and the first pheromone chemical isolated was from the sex attractant of the female silkworm moth (bombykol, 1), in 1959.(6) Work on other species was stimulated by the possibility of using pheromonesThe first studies were on moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and the first pheromone chemical isolated was from the sex attractant of the female silkworm moth (bombykol, 1), in 1959.(6) Work on other species was stimulated by the possibility of using pheromones for the control of pest species. Consequently, far more is known about insect pheromones today than about any other group of animals. It is probably just as well that research took this direction, because the pheromones ... (www.entrepreneur .com/tradejournals/article)

· 1971 - Martha McClintock, a Harvard student in 1971, knew that female rats can usually be stimulated to go into heat by pheromones in the urine of other females, and wondered if human synchrony had a similar cause. (Martha McClintock, a Harvard student in 1971, knew that female rats can usually be stimulated to go into heat by pheromones in the urine of other females, and wondered if human synchrony had a similar cause. In a study of her all-female dorm, McClintock found that the average difference in the onset dates of the women's periods narrowed as time went on. The narrowing was most marked between roommates and friends—in other words, those who spent the most time together. Pheromones ...Show lessarchives.stupidquestion.neti)

· E Slifers' (1961) work, showed that only the wall of the sensilla basiconica, yet not the thick wall of the sensilla trichodea allowed the dye to stain the nerve endings, the dendrites.

· Detection of dendrites, of pores and pore tubules in the walls of thin- and thick-walled olfactory sensilla (Ernst 1969; Steinbrecht 1973).

· Twenty years after the EAG technique was described, Arn, Staedler and Rauscher (1975) developed the "Eletroantennographic Detector System" (EAD

· A study by Priesner et al. (1986) gave a clear answer. This team probed luring effects of synthetic pheromone blends with diurnal sesiid moths and could even follow the flight-path over a bare, harvested field. The starting point of the males was an isolated berry-bush area where the moths had emerged. The distance of one kilometer was covered in a 12 minutes upwind flight.

· In 1986, scientists discovered human pheromones in sweat. What's more, a human VNO also exists! Scientists are still debating whether or not the human VNO functions the way animals' do. Whether it does or not, human mating seems to depend heavily on scent (www.body-philosophy.net/send/send/15032)

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· Mar 12, 1998 - By NATALIE ANGIER. They may be odorless and colorless and their purpose mysterious, but human pheromones at last have the zest of scientific truth. Researchers at the University of Chicago have demonstrated that compounds swabbed from the underarms of young women at different times. (select. nytimes. Com /gst/ abstract. html?res)

· Mar 20, 2002 - A dab of artificial sweat can hugely increase your chance for romance, say researchers in California. They found that a commercial synthetic "pheromone" tripled the sexual success of women (www.newscientist.com/article/dn2068-pheromone)

· Mar 21, 2003 - An ABC News article from March 21, 2003, cites a San Francisco State University study on pheromones which concluded, "women who had pheromone added to their perfume reported a more than 50 percent increase in sexual attention from men: they were involved in (An ABC News article from March 21, 2003, cites a San Francisco State University study on pheromones which concluded, "women who had pheromone added to their perfume reported a more than 50 percent increase in sexual attention from men: they were involved in more sexual intercourse, kissing, heavy petting, affection , and slept closer to their partner or date." This is just one example of many such human pheromone studies, not to mention the hundreds of studies conducted on ...www.Humanpheromone store.com/humanpheromones.html)

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· May 9, 2005 - WASHINGTON (AP) — Gay men's brains respond differently from those of heterosexual males when exposed to a sexual stimulus, researchers have found. The homosexual men's brains responded more like those of women when the men sniffed a chemical from the male hormone testosterone (www. usatoday. com/ news/ health/ 2005-05-09)

· Mar 29, 2007 - March 29th, 2007 Subscribe To Our Feed. If you are wondering the question of how can I make my own pheromones, then you should know that you are not alone. However, you have to realize that the question of how can I make my own pheromones certainly does not www. readabout. com.au/tag/natural-pheromones)

· Sep 29, 2008 - ARA Our attraction to others may be about having the right chemistry after all Throughout history it has been a mystery why certain humans are attracted to each other Scientific research has now concluded that dating and mating is highly influenced by pheromones powerful chemicals (www.dentalplans .com/articles/ 36132/sex)

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· Sep 25, 2009 - The Pheromones live at SDSU (San Diego State University) September 25th, 2009. This is a song titled "Every Night" off their debut album, "Good For You". Band Memers include - Jesse Smith, Jeff Irwin, Andrew Norman Alright Now-The Pheromones Live Alright (www.nme.com/artists/the-pheromones)

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· Jan 14, 2010 - Ditching pheromones makes male and female fruit flies supersexy to male flies even to males of other species Joel Levine a neurogeneticist at the University of Toronto at Mississauga and his colleagues report in the October 15 Nature The discovery suggests pheromones can be backoff (www. sciencenews. org/view/ generic/id/ 48425)

References:

Arn, H., Staedler, E. and  Rauscher, S. 1975.The antennographic detector, a selective and sensitive tool in the gas chromatographic analysis of insect pheromones. Z. Naturforsch.30c: 722-725.

Butenandt, A., B. Linzen, and M. Lindauer.1959a.Uber einen Duftstoff aus der Mandibeldruse der Blattschnelderameise Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel. Arch. Anat. micr. Morph.exp., 48(suppl.):12-19.

Butenandt, A., Beckamnn, R.and  Hecker, E. 1961. "Über den Sexuallockstoff des Seidenspinners .1. Der biologische Test und die Isolierung des reinen Sexuallockstoffes Bombykol". Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 324: 71.

Butenandt, A., Beckmann, R., Stamm, D. and Hecker, E. 1959b. Uber den Sexual-Lockstaff des Seidenspinners Bombyx mori. Reidanstellung und Konstitution. Z. Naturforsch. B, 14:283-284.

Ernst, K.-D. 1969.  Die Feinstruktur von Riechsensillen auf der Antenne des Aaskäfers Necrophorus. Z. Zellforsch., 94:72-102.

Fabre, J. H. 1879: Souvenirs Entomologiques Delagrave, Paris;

Forel, A. 1910: Das Sinnesleben der Insekten. Reinhard, München;

Gargantua und Pantagruel.1964. 1.Bd., 3. Buch, 22. Kap. Hanser, München.

George Preti, Winnifred Berg Cutler, Celso Ramon Garcia, George R. Huggins, and Henry J. Lawley.1986. Human Axillary Secretions Influence Women's Menstrual Cycles: The Role of Donor Extract from Women. Hormones and Behavior 20:474-482. 1986.

Götz, K. 1951: Die Sexualduftstoffe der Lepidopteren. Experientia 7: 406-418.

Jacentkovski,J.A.1932.As cited by Farsky,O.1938.Nonnenkontroll- und Vorbeugunsmethode nach Professor Forst.-Ing.Ant.Dyk.Anz. Schadlingskunde,14:52 and 65.

Joseph A. Lintner.1870. Entomological contributions no. 2. 1872. p. 5-66.

Karlson P., Lüscher M. 1959. "Pheromones: a new term for a class of biologically active substances". Nature 183 (4653): 55–56.

Mell, R. 1922: Biologie und Systematik der südchinesischen Sphingiden. Friedländer, Berlin.

Priesner, E. 1985. Inhibitors of sexual attraction in the moth Agrotis exclamationis. Z. Naturforsch. C. 40:943-945.

Priesner, E., Witzgall, P. and   Voerman,S.J. 1986.Field attraction response of raspberryclearwing moths, Pennisethia hylaeiformis  Lasp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), to candidate pheromone chemicals. J. Appl. Entomol. 102: 195-210.

Rabelais, F. 1565: Songes Drolatiques de Pantagruel, deutsch.

Schneider, D. 1957.Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen von Chemo-und Mechanorezeptoren der Antenne des Seidenspinners Bombyx mori . Z. Vergl. Physiol. 40:8-41.

Schneider, D. 1992. 100 years of pheromone research. Naturwissenschaften 79: 241-250.

Schneider, D. and  Kaissling, K.-E. 1957. Der Bau  der Antenne des Seidenspinners Bombyx mori. Sensillen, cuticulare Bildungen und innerer Bau. Zool. Jhb. Anat. 76: 223-250.

Schneider, D. and  Kaissling, K.-E. 1957: Der Bau der Antenne des Seidenspinners Bombyx mori. Sensillen, cuticulare Bildungen und innerer Bau. Zool. Jhb. Anat. 76: 223-250.

Schneider, D., Lacher, V. and  Kaissling, K.-E. 1964.Die Reaktionsweise und das Reaktionsspektrum von Riechzellen bei Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). Z. Vergl. Physiol. 48: 632-662.

Slifer, E. 1961. The fine structure of insect sense organs. Int. Rev. Cytol. 11: 125-159.

Steinbrecht, R.A. 1973.Der Feinbau olfactorischer Sensillen des Seidenspinners (Insecta,Lepidoptera). Z. Zellforsch. 139: 533-565.

von Frisch, K. 1919. Über den Geruchssinn der Biene und seine blütenbiologische Bedeutung. Zool. Jhb. Allg. Zool. Physiol. 37: 1-238;

Winnifred B. Cutler.1987.Interpersonal influences on female reproductive endocrinology. Clinical Practice in Sexuality 3:8:24-28. 1987.

Winnifred B. Cutler.1998.Pheromonal Influences on Sociosexual Behavior in Men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 27:1-13.

Winnifred Berg Cutler, George Preti,Abba Kreiger, George R. Huggins, Celso Ramon Garcia, and Henry J. Lawle. 1986.Human Axillary Secretions Influence Women's Menstrual Cycles: The Role of Donor Extract from Men. Hormones and Behavior 20:463-473, 1986.